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03I / 10I. EXPERIENCES
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20 POINT SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
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MRS. GANDHI GAVE NEW
ECONOMICAPPROACHES
SHOPPING
Centre page article by DR.VSRS in the
"BarbadosAdvocate "
The largest
circulated Daily in Barbados, West Indies, and the
English speaking Caribbean Countries. Page 4 - Tuesday January
8, 1985. During 1982 - 1986. The author was a
Consultant Adviser - Computer Services,
to the Caribbean Development Bank, Barbados, West Indies (
World Bank / UNDP Setup ), under nomination from the assignment as the
Data Processing Expert in the Commonwealth Fund for
Technical Cooperation(CFTC),London,UK.
Between 1972 and 1981, the author was a
Social worker in India, and a Honorary Consultant for the effective
implementation and monitoring of the 20 Point Socio- Economic
Development programs designed by Shrimathi Indira Gandhi, the late
Prime Minister of India. Plenty of food, Sufficient clothing, Proper
monitoring of the Key Socio- Economic factors, with commitment to Domestic
Productivity were the Essence of her Administrative strategy.
These approaches could be
critically related to the remarkable Economic advancement of the Indian
sub- continent, with Self-sufficiency in Agriculture, leaving a surplus
for export; and strides in Industry, Atomic Research, and Space
Exploration in India. The author feels that these unique thoughts and
approaches of the late Prime Minister could serve as an eye-opener to all
the Third World Nations to Accelerate
their pace of
Social and Economic development.
TO BUY THIS BOOK CLICK »
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KEY WORDS
20 Point
Program, Economic Development, Development Ratios,
Government Strategy,
Indira Gandhi, Key Ratios, Management Decision,
Mass Development, Mrs.Gandhi, Political Economics,
Productivity, Redefined
Productivity, Social Development, Socio-Economic Development
|
|
JEL
CLASSIFICATIONS
A11, B31, D11, D18, D21, F02,
F15, H11, I31, O11 |
|
1. CRUSHED FLOWER.
Form my personal associations,
I found that Shrimathi.Indira Gandhi had a special
affinity to the Rose, particularly the dark-pink variety.
This, probably she inherited from her father, late Shri. Jawaharlal
Nehru, the Freedom Fighter, one of the founders of the Indian
National Congress Party and the First Prime Minister of
India. After her downfall in 1977, she formed her own party
in the name of Indira Congress. Most of the intellects in
India shifted their loyalty and membership to her congress, from
traditional National Congress, which won the freedom for
India.
A by-election held in
Chikmagalore constituency, located in Karnataka state in India,
seated her back on the benches of the Parliament in New
Delhi, during 1980.
During the post-defeat period,
she made frequent visits to the Karnataka State, a stronghold
of her congress, under the Chief Ministership of Shri.Gundu Rao.
During all these visits, she preferred to have the Congress
sessions in Lal Baugh (Flower Garden), the central botanical
attraction in Bangalore, the Garden city of India, and the Capital
of Karnataka State.
My duties as one of her
Honorary Socio-economic Development Consultant, also included
the selection and presentation of a Rose of pre-defined dark
pink colour, with specified dimensions, well formed
petal structures, and a selected fragrance, to her, on
the arrival for any meeting or work gathering. This, I
presume, was to tune her mood for successful conducting of
the Congress sessions.
On Tuesday the October 30,
1984, the stains of her own blood adorned her chest, in the
place where there was a dark pink Rose. Her own body-guards
stained her body in gruesome dark pink colour. The flower had been
crushed.
Crushing a flower cannot
bring an end to its botanical characteristics. This only assisted to
spread its fragrance around. The spreading of fragrance could
motivate more people towards Peace and Productive
thoughts, and promote their effects. So are the Indira's
indefatigable qualities. The fragrance of her qualities
and achievements will not only spread, assist and optimise
the development of India, but are also sure to guide all the
developing Third World nations.
The flower has been crushed,
but the fragrance will surely spread.
2. CONSTRUCTIVE ECONOMIST
My first association with
Indira Gandhi in 1972, planted an innovative seed on my
Economic thoughts and Management practices. She said that
the laws of demand and supply, or the impact of the
propensity to consume, or even the break-even pricing
strategy are not needed, if one has to really contribute
towards a dramatic up-liftment in the public standard
of living, and motivate techno-commercial innovations
in the country. She believed that correct computation and
monitoring of the only two basic
Public Consumption Ratios are sufficient for this purpose.
The first was a
"Monthly Ratio of the average food
expense to the net disposable income of a house hold in each
representative economic region of the country". The
smaller this ratio, she said, the greater the
contribution to the "Biological Motivation" of the
population. The inference was that a region with households
spending 20 percent of their disposable income to get a
full and nutritious family meal, could divert their
thoughts and actions towards more productive works,
than a region with house holds spending 50 percent or more of
their income for the same. The moral was that "People who
could not eat well, naturally could not aim high".
The second one was the
"Yearly ratio of average clothing cost
to meet their satisfactory requirements to the net disposable income
of a household in each representative economic region".
The lesser the cost of quality clothes as the years progress
she said, the greater the achievement on "Public
sociological motivation". The moral was that "People
who cannot clothe themselves well, cannot mingle well in society,
and cannot learn better skills".
I suggested that an
assessment of the housing needs of the people is also equally
essential, as shelter forms part of the "Group settlement
and harmony". Her answer was that if the Government could
take care of the first two ratios, then the motivation
and the skills of the public will generate enough
funds for the government to take care of this Capital
investment in housing. This could be either leased or
assigned to the people, depending upon their level in the
social strata.
These ideas sounded more
knowledgeable and innovative to me, than what I
learned from the faculty of a Management
Institution with Harvard Business School, USA collaboration,
during 1964 - 1966. I blended these "down to the earth"
Economic concepts with my modern Mathematical know-how in my
paper "An Econometric Solution to the Problems of Productivity
Optimisation in India", published in the "Indian Management
Journal", Monthly Journal of the All India Management Association,
New Delhi, India (March 1972, Pages 1 to 6 and April 1972, Pages 1
to 5. Refer to 02.02 in Publications), and later used by me
as a reference material, during my Doctoral Research work.
3. ACTION ORIENTED PLANNER
In 1974, when she was
booming with her un-challengeable majority in the Indian
Parliament, Mrs.Gandhi enunciated a simplified version of a
Dynamic Socio-economic Development programme. She named it as
a "20 Point Programme". She believed that if the
country could effectively implement, monitor, and evaluate
the impact of these 20 Socio-economic guidelines, then the country
will prosper, and could easily break-out of the shell
of its developing status.
Mr.Murli Deora, a strong Indira
Gandhi supporter, and the leader of the opposition in Bombay
Municipal Corporation, who later became the Mayor of the city
of Bombay , recommended that I should take charge as the
"Honorary Computer Systems Consultant" to appraise the
implementation of the 20 point programme. This assignment
necessitated my in-depth involvement in the data collection,
recording, retrieval, tabulation, and setting action-guidelines with
reference to the 20 Point programme.
I found that Mrs.Gandhi's 20
Point Programme was an expanded and an implementable
version of her Two-points economic thoughts of 1972. In
summary, this programme included : -
- 4
Points for Agriculture and Urban land ceiling, Equi-distribution
of wealth, Minimum agricultural wages, and Expansion
in irrigation schemes.
- 3
Points for Worker's participation in industry, national
apprenticeship scheme, and relief from Bonded labour.
- 3
Points for eradication of Tax evasion, Economic offences,
and Smuggling activities.
- 2
Points for the Procurement, Distribution, and Price control on
Essential commodities, with Economy in Government
expenditure.
- 2
Points for the development of Handloom sectors, Improvement
in the supply of Quality cloth.
- 2
Points for the Provision of housing, and Relief from
indebtedness of the weaker sections of the society; and
- 1
Point each for accelerating the Power generation with
Liberalised investment, Optimum use of import
licenses, Speedy goods transportation on national level,
and Books, Stationery, Food commodities supplies to schools
at subsidised rates. ( Total 4
Points )
This programme was
implemented during 1974 - 1975, which coincided with the
final phase of my Doctoral work, in the faculty of
Management (Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies,
University of Bombay, India). The extraction of the features
of the 20 Point Programme, and testing my hypotheses with
reference to these Socio-Economic guidelines, introduced a
remarkable and practical dimensions to my six final
publications and open-house presentations.
The comments on my work
by the Manchester Business School (UK), The International
Federation for Purchasing and Materials Management
(London), and Indian Association of Personnel Management
(Bombay), substantiated the practicability of Shrimathi.
Indira Gandhi's 20 Point Socio-Economic Development programme.
However Mrs. Gandhi was not
feeling comfortable in the Parliament during 1976,
particularly because of the Judgment from the Allahabad High
Court, making her electoral success null and void.
Believing in the "Expected
success of her 20 Point Programme; and the unshakable faith in
the power of the people; the need for an opportunity to
clean the public life of confusion; and to uphold the
fair name of India as a land committed to the path of
reconciliation, peace and progress", she advised the President
of India to dissolve the Parliament and order fresh
elections, even though she could have legally continued for
about another 15 months.
Contradictory to her
expectation that "1977 will prove to be a year of added
stability, strength, and continued achievement", she and her
Parliamentary supporters were completely routed in the
elections. That was the fate of her ingenious 20 point
Programme, in the hands of the Indian masses.
Simultaneously, the then
nationalised Multi-national petroleum company, which was
my employer upto 1976, acquired inefficiency and
lacked productivity orientation. I decided at that
juncture, the time was right for me to explore my talents in
the Petro-dollar rich Middle-East region.
My exposure to the Management
Decision methodology during 1977 - 1979, in a different
Socio-Economic setup at Qatar, my involvement in a US Embassy
sponsored Computer Technology workshop in Bahrain, and
synchronisation of the inventory control system with online
entry / enquiry features to the agent of General Motors in Qatar,
gave opportunity to adopt Modern techniques to effectively
evaluate the results of the 20 Point Programme.
When I returned to India, and
participated in her Congress meeting held in the Glass
house, at Lal Baugh, Bangalore, on July 15, 1979, Mrs. Gandhi was
keen to evaluate the Socio-Economic impact of her 20
Point Programme in Karnataka State.
Accordingly, I programmed
the evaluation logic in the computers of the Karnataka State
Government Computer Centre. Presentation of these analysis,
and the associated proven Socio-Economic Development impact
in a systematic fashion was one of the factors to
bring her back to power in 1980, with absolute
majority in the Parliament.
Her absence from power
during 1977 - 1979, and her reinstatement in 1980, could be
credited to her action oriented plan, and her devotion
to their effective implementation.
4. PRODUCTIVITY OPTIMIST.
Indian Politicians will
never attempt to antogonise the labour class,
particularly by interfering with worker's "bonuses". This is because
the labour vote is vital and majority in industrial regions,
"bonus" is invariably the issue of industrial disputes,
and a hard labour-management negotiation tool.
Shrimathi. Indira Gandhi used to express a different opinion
on this matter.
Her view was that "in the
political arena, one should choose whether to
antagonise the future of the Country at a Macro
level, or to satisfy a group at a Micro level. We
shall have only one goal, and that is to build Social and
Economic justice ".
On November 10, 1976, while
inaugurating the National Convention on Productivity, held in
New Delhi, she declare that "Industries should think in terms of
long-term productivity agreements by giving incentives
to labour, in place of the old and "illogical"
bonus system".
In all Manufacturing sectors,
efficiency and productivity alone could decide their
continued corporate existence, increased profitability
and enhancement in employment opportunities. However, through
research, I found that "Corporate Productivity is
related to the Employee performance appraisal system,
and linked through the infra-structure Management Systems
". It implies that a corporate sector, before expecting an
improved productivity and efficiency from their workers, has to
provide a satisfactory appraisal system for their workers on
the one hand , and ensure the presence of
adequate technical and other management systems to
enable the workers to perform their expected duties on
the other hand, .
When I communicated
these implications on Productivity to Shrimathi. Indira
Gandhi, she replied that " The term Productivity has three
implications. In a work level, it upgrades the skills
and the efficiency of individuals; in a corporate level, it
aids cost reduction; and in a national level, it
increases the supply of goods at Socially acceptable
Quality as well as at Economically justifiable prices. Given
these three identifiable characteristics for the term
Productivity, the workers should be happy to accept this
as a commitment to the society where they live; and as a
contribution to the nation, where they cherish. Also, it is the
duty of the manufacturing sectors to ensure the presence of all
requirements to enable their workers to achieve the endeavor, to
which they are committed".
This provided a new
dimensional insight for me to link the Socio-Economic Development,
Productivity, and the Management Decision process,
through Mathematical Modeling techniques. Accordingly, my
redefinition of Productivity was the ratio of
Socio-Economic goals to Input as well as Output, given a
favorable ratio of Output to Input. This new model, which
modified the traditional concept of productivity as a mere material
ratio of Output to Input, originated my post-Doctoral research
work on "A solution model for Intangible Components in Management
Decision process", and the associated ten publications.
Her optimism on Productivity
raised India to one of the top ten industrial nations,
upgraded the Indian professionals to the top third
accredited international standards; and achieved a remarkable level
of Self-sufficiency, irrespective of the often repeated
confrontations in India, such as Rural versus Urban, Agriculture
versus Industry, Labour versus Capital, and the Individual versus
the Nation.
5. THE LESSON.
Shrimathi. Indira Gandhi was
free, fearless, and clear in her thoughts and actions.
She upgraded the value of the life of the Common Man in
India, and left a wealth of Souci-Economic Development
know-how, which will be useful to all the Third World
Developing nations.
As she declared a day before
her assassination, "Even if I die in the service of this nation,
I would be proud of it. Every drop of my blood, I am
sure, will contribute to the growth of this nation,
and make it strong and dynamic".
The flower has been crushed,
and I am sure that the fragrance will surely spread
and contribute to the growth of the nation, and
make it strong and dynamic". |
|
THEME
PICTURE & QUOTATION - I.GAQNDHI
42. FLY HIGH
SHOPPING |
|
THEME JOKE - INDIRA GANDHI
CAMOUFLAGED CHANCELLOR
(Only a Joke based on Ethnical Vs Historical
Facts)
 EARLY
INDIRA
In Sanskrit language "Indira" denotes the Leader of the Immortals (Devas),
Priya means Love and Dharshini is an exhibiting medium.
All these together was Indira Priyadarshini, later known as Indira
Gandhi (1917-1984), She was the
only
child of Kamla and Jawaharlal Nehru (1889- 1964), the
India's first Prime Minister, and the chief architect of
domestic and foreign policies between 1947 and 1964. She was born
and spent part of her childhood in
Allahabad, India, where the Nehrus had their family resided,
and part in
Switzerland, where her mother Kamla convalesced from her
periodic illnesses. She received her college education at
Somerville
College,
Oxford, UK.
GANDHI CAMOUFLAGE
She was not actively involved in the freedom struggle.
After Indian independence, and the ascendancy of Jawaharlal Nehru,
now a widower, to the office of the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi
managed the official residence of her father, and
accompanied him on his numerous foreign trips. She had been
married in 1942 to Feroze Gandhi (Gandhi
is a Parsee Surname. It is in no way linked with the
family or the name of Mahathma Gandhi). Feroze rose to some
eminence as a parliamentarian and politician of integrity. But he
was disliked by his famous father-in-law, Jawaharlal Nehru. He died
in 1960 before he could consolidate his own political forces. Mrs.
Indira Gandhi (The husband’s Parsee surname was attached to Indira
and she became Indira Gandhi) took advantage of the political
contacts and accreditations acquired by both her father and
husband, as well as the camouflage of the "Gandhi" surname
appealing to the public as a link to the Mahathma Gandhi, father of
Indian fredom !!
(In the past 10 years, I
asked 750 backward rural Indian villagers in different parts
of India, about who is Indira Gandhi ? 635 said that she is the
daughter of Mahathama gandhi, 87 said that she is the wife of
Mahathma Gandhi and 28 said that Sonia (Born Italian !!) Gandhi is
the real daughter of Mahathma Gandhi !!!. It was astonishing to find
that none of them know or even mention the name of
Jawaharlal Nehru,
who is the real father of Indira Gandhi !!!.).
News : "Nehru
forgotten at Congress
Session". In 82nd Congress Convention held in Hyderabad, India on 22
January 2006. By Pankaj Yadav, Asian Age. Gulf News, Monday, Jan 23,
2006. Page 30.
COMPRAMISE CANDIDATE
In 1964, the year of her father's death, Indira Gandhi was for the
first time elected to Parliament, and she was Minister of
Information and Broadcasting in the government of Lal Bahadur
Shastri (1904 – 1966. Freedom fighter of
India and Prime Minister from 1964 to 1966, who died
unexpectedly of a heart attack less than two years after assuming
office). The numerous contenders for the position of the Prime
Minister-ship. They were unable to agree among themselves, and hence
picked Indira Gandhi as a
compromise candidate, thinking that she would be
easily manipulable. But Indira Gandhi showed extraordinary
political skills and tenacity and elbowed the Congress dons –
Kamaraj (1903-1975), Morarji Desai (1896 – 1995), and others, out of
power. She held the office of the Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977.
She was riding the crest of popularity after
India's triumph in the war of 1971 against
Pakistan, and the explosion of a nuclear device in 1974.
These helped to enhance her reputation among middle-class Indians as
a tough and shrewd political leader. However, by 1973,
Delhi and north
India were rocked by demonstrations at high inflation,
the poor state of the economy, rampant corruption, and the poor
standards of living. In June 1975, the High Court of
Allahabad found her guilty of using illegal practices during
the last election campaign, and ordered her to vacate her seat.
There were demands for her resignation.
Mrs. Gandhi's response was to declare a state of emergency, under
which her political foes were imprisoned, constitutional rights
abrogated, and the press placed under strict censorship. She was
prone, like many other politicians, to thrive on slogans, and one is
“Garibi Hatao" (Remove Poverty) and “We are 2 and We have 2" (Father
and Mother having only 2 children to enforce population by
self-control ).
FORCED IMPLEMENTATION
Meanwhile, as a strange implementation of these slogan, the eldest
of her two sons, Sanjay Gandhi, started to run the country as though
it were his personal fiefdom (legitimate domain), and earned the
fierce and hatred of many. He ordered the removal of Slum dwellings
of the Poor (Remove Poor to Remove Poverty). He made an attempt to
curb India's growing population, by initiating a highly resented
program of “Forced Sterilization” (Force the two to have only two).
These actions of her son, earned a sizeable unpopularity for Indira
in the nation. In 1977 she resigned from the Prime
Minister-ship and dismantled the Parliament. In 1978, her supporters
wanted a new identity for the Indian National Congress under her
nomenclature and formed the "Indira Congress", a party with an open
Hand symbol. Also they created a slogan "India is Indira & Indira is
India"
20 POINT EXCELLENCE
During her tenure as a Prime Minister from 1966 to 1977, she
realised 2 important points :-
Accordingly she developed
a 20 Point programme in 1974 and implemented with every vigour and
sincerity. Indian development was at its excellence during
this period of from 1974 to 1977. Eventhough she lost the election
in 1977, she was able to come back as a Prime Minister, under the
Indira Congress banner, with a thumping majority in 1980. this was
due to the realisation of her "New and Practical" economic
approaches by the people of India.
SICK OR SIKH
Source :
htttp://www.valutechinc.ca/~vedanta/pramathanandaji.htm
 In
1982, Indira Gandhi visited “Ramakrishna
Mission Vidyapith”, an English-medium residential school in the
tribal province of Arunachal Pradesh. (See
more details about Arunachal Pradesh
below). Her lunch included "Lotus Root Curry", her
favoutite Kashmiri side-dish (See recipe below),
which she relished. She was deeply impressed with the work and
activities of this school when she visited the region. During her
visits around the class rooms, she met an intelligent tribal girl. Indira
Gandhi (IG) asked the
girl (GL) “How are
you ?”. The girl, who was not well due to excess cold weather, said
“Sick”. But IG
heard it as “Sikh”.
-
IG : Tell me
briefly - Who are Sikhs ? Where they live ? Who
is their leader ? With whom they fought ? To win what
? What they did not get and What they really got ?
Finally where did they go ?
-
GL : Sicks
are people with some physical or mental disorder. They lived
mostly in Government Hospitals. Their leader is the Doctor. They
fought with the Killer diseases to win their life. They did
not get good food and comfortable living environments. But they
really got the Death. Finally some went to Heaven and some
to the Hell !!!
But Indira Gandhi never
thought it was a prelude
for her non-return journey to the Hospital on confrontation
with the Sikh community in India !!
BUNGLED BANGRA
 PREFACE
: Punjab has a long history and rich cultural heritage. Artifacts
(Fossils) dating back to the Pleistocene Age (2 Million to 11
Thousand years ago) have been found in the valley of Kangra,
Pehalgam, and Hoshiarpur. Originated in the Western Punjab, Bhangra
dance reflects the vigour and the cheerfulness infused among the
rural folk by the promise of a bumper crop. Though originally a
harvest dance, now a days, Bangra is performed during the festivals,
family / social get-togethers and many other happy occasions. Many
believe that the Bhangra dancer needs an inborn sense of rhythm and
it cannot be acquired. Expert performers of Bangra are the Sikhs in
Punjab, with a turban, called Sardarjis.
SOURCE - http://www.indtravel.com/punjab/culture.html
In the Post-Emergency period of her Prime Ministership,
Indira Gandhi was preoccupied by efforts to resolve the political
problems in the state of Punjab, dominated by the Sikh community (See
for more details Below). During 1984, In her attempt to curb
the secessionist movement, she ordered an assault upon the holiest
Sikh shrine in Amritsar, called the "Golden Temple". In this
attempt, the Golden Temple was damaged, and Mrs. Gandhi earned the
undying hatred of Sikhs. In November 1984, Mrs. Gandhi was
assassinated, at her residence, by two of her own Sikh bodyguards,
who claimed to be avenging the insult heaped upon the Sikh nation.
“Even
if I died in the service of the nation, I would be proud of it.
Every drop of my blood will contribute to the growth of this nation
and to make it strong and dynamic”
were her last words.
SOURCE : Many Books &
Web sites on Mrs.Gandhi's Political Biography. Particularly :-
http://www.answers.com/topic/indira-gandhi
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/
Indira.html
http://www.gale.com/free_resources/whm/bio/ghandi_i.htm
http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/History/Independent/Indira.html
**************************************************
MORAL : Keep
the majority of the rural people in illiteracy and propagate
camouflaged thoughts and beliefs appealing to their ignorance. Then
it is very comfortable to get their votes, rule over them at will
for ever, with absolute majority. This is the way many developing /
under developed democracies function in the world. Development
cannot move forward unless the Productivity and Management Decisions
are directly related to the Socio-Economic impact, with priority to
intangible elements among the population and the environment. Ruling
Government heads should aim towards a synchronised upgrade of
Domestic manpower with Domestic technology and Domestic investments
with Domestic savings. All these need the removal of illiteracy,
ignorance and disseminate the facts in any walk of life, which the
Domestic ruling leaders do not like !!. (See :
Concepts /
Development / Management)
**************************************************
Arunachal Pradesh, North East India's remotest state, also
known as "Land of the Dawn-lit-Mountains" is the first Indian
soil to greet the morning sun. Arunachal Pradesh is the northeastern
tip of India with its borders touching China, Bhutan and
Myanmar (Burma) in the North and Assam and Nagaland in the
South.
It stretches from snow-capped Himalayan mountains in the north to
the plains of Brahmaputra valley in the south. Arunachal Pradesh
attained its statehood on 20th February 1987.
It offers a dazzling array of flora
and fauna that is sure to enchant any tourist. It is a land
of lush green forests, deep river valleys and beautiful plateaus.
The land is mostly mountainous with the Himalayan ranges running
north south. These divide the state into 5 river valleys :
Lohit, Kameng, Siang, Subansiri, and Tirap. All these are fed by
snow from the Himalayas and countless rivers and rivulets. The
mightiest of these rivers is Siang, called the Tsangpa in Tibet,
which becomes the Brahmaputra after the Dibang and the Lohit in the
plains of Assam.
The state is proud of having more than 500 rare species of
Orchids. Its mysterious, powerful and
beautiful rivers with faces and moods that change dramatically ever
so often form the colorful lifelines. These are ideal for rafting
and angling and the rugged terrain is ideal for trekking, hiking and
holidaying in a serene atmosphere.
Arunachal is home to 26 major and numerous minor
tribes with rich cultural traditions.
The people of Arunachal Pradesh have a tradition of artistic
craftsmanship and sense of aesthetics manifested through a variety
of crafts such as weaving, painting, pottery, smithy work, basket
making, wood carving, etc. They speak Adi, Aka, Apatani, Assamese,
Digaru, English, Hill-Miri, Hindi, Idu, Khamti, Miji, Monpa, Nishi,
Nocti, Sherdukpen, Singpho, Tangsa, Tagin, and
Wanchoo.
Music, it
is said, is woven in the man's nature. The Greek philosopher,
Pythagoras, heard it in the orbit itself where celestial bodies
moved in the predestined paths. Indian philosophers heard it deep
within the very being : "Naadh", the primal sound. And in various
ways and at various times, this music emanated from the lips of
human beings. In Arunachal Pradesh too, the sense of melody and
rhythm are among the most ancient of developments. As evidence, the
verse below is recited by the Bard (Decorated Horses & Men on a
Ground) before the beginning of any prayer or ceremony. It is an
invocatory piece through which the traditional Bard introduce
themselves before the beginning any exercise.
In the high heavens
I am the flute and the pipe;
In hell and deeper down I am the flute and the
pipe;
Spanning all three worlds Filling it with music.
In the bird's call I am the notes. In nature I am
her song;
I am the priest's inspiration, The philosopher's
guide;
I descend to spread the lore.
Music and dances are the soul of
Arunachal Pradesh, with ancient instruments resembling the vocal
cords. Some of the popular folk dances of the people are
Tribe Adi - Pasi Kongki, Ponung, Popir
Aptani - Hiirii
Khaniing
Mopna - Aji Lamu,
Peacock dance
Nishing - Rekham Pada,
Roppi
Nocte - Chalo, Lion
Dances are supported with chorus songs, rhythmic drum beats
and acrobatic exhibitions.
Farming occupies the central position
in Arunachal Pradesh in the field of agriculture. The state
has several medium industries based on its forest products. Plants
to produce cement and fruit processing units have also come up
in the state. There are a number of craft
training centres and the states handloom industry has made good
progress. The people are experts in cane and bamboo basketry work.
Wood carving and black smithy are found in certain villages. Iron
scrapers, spear head, and Daos required for day-to-day use are made
in several villages. Mineral resources found in the state are clay,
marble, lime stone, graphite, pyrite. Arunachal Pradesh Mineral
Developmemt and Trading Corporation Limited was set up in 1991 and
Namchik-Namphuk coal fields are under APMDTCL. The small scale
cottage industry consist weaving, cane and bamboo work and silver
smithy etc. To provide training to craftsmen there are two
industrial training institutes at Roing and Daporijo.
Education
work is largely undertaken by the government and voluntary
organisations in Arunachal Pradesh.
There is 1 University, 1 Engineering college, 5 Arts and Science
colleges, 3 Industrial training institutes, 87 High schools, 301
Middle schools, 67 Higher secondary schools, 1251 Primary schools
and 299 Pre-primary schools.
SOURCE
:
http://www.indiantravelportal.com/arunachal-pradesh/guide.html
http://www.indianvisit.com/india/himalayas/northeast/northeast02.htm
http://www.arunachaleducation.net/profile/educationalprofile.asp
http://www.webindia123.com/arunachal/index.htm
**************************************************
  Sikhism,
the youngest of the world religions, is barely five hundred years
old. Its founder, Guru Nanak (1459 to 1639), spread a simple message
of "Ek Ong Kar", meaning we are all one, created by the One Creator
of all Creations (Al are children of God). This was at a time when
India was being torn apart by castes, sectarianism, religious
factions, and fanaticism. He aligned with no religion, and respected
all religions. He expressed the reality that there is one God and
many paths, and the Name of God is Truth, "Sat Nam". The idealistic
approach of Sikhism is that it recognises the existence of the same
heavenly Light in every human being, rich or poor, high or low
irrespective of caste, creed, color, race, sex, religion or
nationality. Therefore the doors of the Sikh temple called Gurdwara
(House of the Priests or Guru) are open for all in this world,
without any prejudice or social discrimination. Every person in this
world has equal right to enter and join the services in the Gurdwara.
SOURCE :
www.sikhreligion.org/intro.html www.sikhnet.com/Sikh
www.sikhnet.com/Sikh |
|
THEME RECIPE - INDIRA GANDHI
LOTUS ROOT CURRY
SOURCE : Sankisar Kaul, Host for Exchange Educational
Visitors, Awanthipura, Kashmir, India.
Lotus roots are starchy and slightly sweet. It is a
Cholesterol free diet, with little fat. The fibre content provides
proper digestion, free blood flow and relieves from constipation.
One Tea Cup of cooked Lotus root provides :-
Carbo hydrates 19 Gms, Dietary fibre 3.7 Gm, Protein - 2
Gms, Sodium - 54 Mgms, Total fat - 0.1 Gm, Vitamin C - 33 Mg.
The soft seeds inside the
bell shaped cap at the centre of the flower is a
tasty item to eat raw. When there is a famine in any region, the
tanks and rivers go dry, exposing the Lotus on the dry bed. The
lotus root and seeds serve as a food for for the people.
*********************************************
For 4
Servings Making time - 45 Minutes
Ingredients:
Curd
(Plain) - 1/2 Tea Cup
Garlic (Grated)- 1/2 Tea Spoon (Allium Sativum)
Ginger (Grated)- 1 Tea Spoon (Alpinia Galanga)
Kashmiri Red Chillies - 4 Nos (Cayenne)
Lotus Roots (Fresh)- 20 Inch (50 Cms) long
(Nelumbo
Nicifera.Aquatic Plant. Lotus
Water Lily family)
Mustard or Olive Oil - 2 Table Spoons (Genus Brassica or
Genus Olea)
Rasam Blend -
1/2 Tea spoon (Garam
Masala)
Salt
- 1 Tea Spoon (Sodium chloride)
Spinach Leaves(Fresh)- 10 Leaves (Spinacia
Oleracea)
Turmeric Powder - 1/4 Tea spoon (Curcuma Domestica)
Preparation:
-
Clean and chop Lotus roots into 1" long pieces.
-
Boil
till it becomes tender. (In a broad vessel with plenty of water).
-
Wash
drain and keep aside - 2.
-
Clean
and chop Spinach into 1" long pieces.
-
Wash
drain and keep aside - 4.
-
Heat
Mustard or Olive oil in a convex bottom pan, add Ginger, Garlic
and stir for a minute.
-
Add
chillies, stir and add turmeric and salt to 6.
-
Stir 7
and add curds and stir continuously till whiteness is gone
completely.
-
Add
Lotus roots from 3 and Spinach from 5.
-
Cook
till gravy is almost semisolid.
-
Sprinkle
Rasam Blend (Garam masala), stirr and remove from fire.
-
Serve hot with Bread or Rice
*********************************************
MORAL : Human beings
are accustomed to enjoy the food cultivable (Vegetarian) and
breedable (Non-Vegetarian) over the surface of earth. But there is
plenty of unknown palatable nutrient and nourishment under the
water. If they are explored optimally (in addition to the
fishing), and supplied to the people, then it may open a new channel
of food supply source for the increasing population.
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